Problems of veneer diseases in the newfangled world.

In familiar, all diseases of the epidermis can be divided into specific plain-spoken groups:
Pyoderma - a pustular disease caused by means of pyogenic bacteria (staphylococcus, streptococcus, etc.). Pyoderma is the most proletarian diseases of the veneer of any age group. These register folliculitis, sycosis vulgaris, furunculosis, carbuncles, hydradenitis, impetigo, and many others.
Fungal infections - fungal diseases caused by means of pathogenic fungi: pityriasis versicolor, epidermatofitiya groin, epidermatofitiya conclusion trichophytia, rubrofitiya, candidiasis, blastomycosis, etc.
Viral dermatoses caused by divergent viruses: herpes simplex and herpes, warts, molluscum contagiosum.
Lingering communicable diseases: tuberculosis of the epidermis, leprosy, Lyme disease.
Parasitic diseases - a passably reciprocal circle of outer layer diseases caused alongside miscellaneous pathogens: mites - mange, demodicosis, lice - lice, leishmania - leishmaniasis of the skin.
Allergic - a club of skin diseases caused by an allergic outer layer resistance to something. These include allergic dermatitis, toxicoderma, eczema, urticaria.
Neyrodermatozy - diseases caused mainly nearby changes in the upset system: itchy flay, atopic dermatitis, prurigo.
Psoriasis - the most regular chronic abrade disorder that affects as nails and joints. The following types of psoriasis: an expected, exudative, seborrheic, palmoplantar, pustular, Candida, arthropathic, erythrodermic psoriasis.
Widespread connective concatenation condition characterized by lesions of connective tissue take in lupus erythematosus, scleroderma and dermatomyositis.
Autoimmune bullous dermatosis - a disability, the solitary or essential morphological feature of which is the froth: pemphigus, bullous pemphigoid, dermatitis herpetiformis Duhring.
Angiitis of the graze (vasculitis) - dermatitis, characterized by nonspecific inflammation of blood vessels of varying degrees. There are polymorphous dermal vasculitis, purpura pigmentosa inveterate, knotty angiitis.
Genodermatosis - a transferable crust murrain, manifested beside various pathological processes in the scrape: ichthyosis, keratoderma, bullous epidermolysis, Recklinghausen's disease.
Disorders of skin appendages (sebaceous glands, trifle and nails) include seborrhea, and the disease developing as its consequences (eg, alopecia), acne of all kinds.
Dyschromia of the hide constitute a violation of its pigmentation, commonly caused by disorders of melanin pigment deposits.
Exchange for tumors of the film seborrheic keratoses are, cutaneous horn, keratoakantoma, precancer of the lamina, basal room carcinoma, squamous carcinoma, melanoma, and fibroma.
Furunculosis (Latin furunculus steam +-osis) - stafilodermiya, characterized near the true hint of advanced boils at different stages of development in different parts of the body. Therefore, the affliction is defined as a chronic relapsing inflammatory process.
The most frequent sites of localization boils are the cover (the nose and cheeks), neck, shoulders, hips, buttocks. The bug almost always develops on areas of skin trauma, on a par nominal, in the make of a only target, multiple foci are rare.
Predisposing factors are the changeless as that of a single boils (derma contamination, scratches, undue emitting of distress and sebaceous glands, etc.), as successfully as the weakening of the vaccinated significance (weakness in neutrophil chemotaxis, hypogammaglobulinemia, immunodeficiency say in link with thymoma, diabetes, etc ..) Absolutely often there are cases where furunculosis is a complexity of other skin diseases such as eczema or scabies.
Characteristic boils develop as single: on the abrade the waters agonizing pustule appears glowing red in color, reaching 3-5 cm in diameter in the process of evolving, it begins to protrude beyond everything the conical bracing skin, forming a necrotic core. After 10-20 days, the autopsy is the sputter, accompanied close to copious purulent necrotic mass. The process ends with scarring of the hearth.
The discrepancy between solitary furuncle and furunculosis is that the appearance of multiple boils may worsen the serene: fever may crop, the passive complained of inexact irresoluteness, headaches. Blood tests revealed leukocytosis, accelerated erythrocyte sedimentation rate. Possible complications of the disease as per usual come out when it is localized on the head (brazen through), neck, meningitis, cerebral sinus thrombosis, sepsis.
Carbuncle - purulent-necrotic infection of the some curls follicles, which join to configuration a apart provocative infiltrate. Normally develops as a result of the unchanged factors that boil (husk contamination, mischief, unwarranted seepage of stew glands, diabetes, etc.). The ailment is localized in the dermis and subcutaneous concatenation, the most familiar place of appearance formations - the side with of the neck, shoulders, rear and drop back.
Since the fervent handle involves a handful hair follicles, the carbuncle, in oppose to the boil, a two necrotic cores. Swollen film is substantially swells, becomes purplish-red and hot to the touch. In equality, there is deterioration of heterogeneous condition of the persistent: there is a fever (temperature may be elevated to 40 degrees), trouble, nausea or vomiting, serious spasm at the site of localization of redness, the dogged feels a general weakness, loss of appetite.
After a inexorable period revealed an inflamed follicle, forming several openings which are separated pyonecrotic selection. In its recall remains a festering cancer plane superficially, which slowly heals (2-4 weeks), and leaves behind a savagely star-shaped scar.
Treatment of carbuncle has several areas:
surgical dissection;
antibiotics and injections of antibiotics approximately the localization of inflammation (in the prematurely stages of expansion), the party of detoxifying;
UHF;
also appointed by proteolytic enzymes, disinfectants, and ointments epiteliziruyutsya (levomikol, baktroban, TOMICID).
Fungal infections (dermatomycosis syn.) a assembly of diseases of the skin and its appendages (curls and nails) caused sooner than pathogenic fungi of divers genera. They into a significant spot quantity the mycoses.
Entirety the fungal diseases have identified a bunch of groups: tinea, keratomikozy, candidiasis, and a union of styled deep mycoses. It also includes a body of psevdomikozov, agents which invade an halfway status between fungi and bacteria.
The most conventional fell diseases caused away fungi, are dermatofii, agents which - trihofiton fungi, and mikrosporumy epidermofiton. These incorporate skin diseases eidermofitiya conclude rubrofitiya, trichophytia, crusted ringworm. The most run-of-the-mill of them tinea pedis - athlete's foot and rubrofitiya. Typically caused sooner than red trihofitonom, they can abuse not exclusive the hide of the feet and nails, and other healthy areas of the skin. Factors contributing to the phenomenon of fungal feet, are breaches of the rules of personal hygiene, sanitary-epidemic order in basins, showers, etc., where the mushrooms can be big on feeble surfaces, in flat waters.
Less general keratomikozy - fungal diseases affecting merely the surface areas of the stratification corneum of the epidermis, or cuticle hair. Total the prominent keratomikozov pityriasis versicolor, trihosporiyu nodosum.
The overthrow of the incrustation, nails and complete ridges observed in the candidiasis - a complaint caused by fungi of the genus Candida. Infection occurs at near them in diverse ways, including the development of candidiasis is practical with irrational use of antibiotics, corticosteroids and other drugs, best to dysbacteriosis.
The weighty mycoses in Europe are rare - they are characteristic of Africa, South America. Infection occurs when overlay microtraumas. On the strip, there are many bumps, knots, are given to ulceration. The jeopardy of deep fungal infections is that they affect the deeper layers of pelt, subcutaneous pile, underlying muscles and even bones and internal organs and often leads to death.
Treatment of fungal diseases is carried out using antifungal agents: ointments, creams and solutions (clotrimazole, terbinafine, lotseril, mikoseptin, nystatin, nitrofungin, etc.) and tablets (Lamisil, levorin, Nizoral, Nystatin, Orungal, etc.). If unsympathetic fungus is sometimes required surgery - move of infirm nail.
Wart - a viral dermatosis caused on assorted types of human being papillomavirus (HPV).
There are various types of warts, depending on the archetype of legate: vulgaris (stock) are caused around pathogens of HPV-2 and HPV-3, plantar - agents of HPV-1, HPV-2, HPV-4, the downright - the causative emissary of HPV-3, spiky - agents of HPV -6, HPV-11.
Customary (tasteless) course of study are most often observed in childhood and adolescence. They look like pimples incorporate pinkish-gray in color with a strongly thickened, extreme fa‡ade, whose dimensions break down from 1 mm to 1 cm in diameter. Most frequently they are placed in the hands (the fingers).
Stretched out warts are organize first in children and teenaged adults. They are a multiple hoop-shaped or oviform papules color with a silky surface, reaching 1-3 mm in diameter. Usually located on the fa‡ade, neck, coffer, dorsum of hands, can be located linearly, lose above the unchanging of fine fettle skin.
Plantar can occur at any time eon, they provoke the emergence of micro impede excessive sweating (hyperhidrosis) feet. This is regularly multiple, lacklustre, firm to the touch with the grouping of a irregular surface. Some of them sharply stabbing, particularly those in the scope of troubles during walking.
Genital warts are considered to be diseases, sexually transmitted infections. They are located in the mucous membranes and set forth the elements of the nodules, resembling a cock's comb.
Diagnosis of warts is carried wrong on clinical grounds without difficulty.
Molluscum contagiosum - a viral infection dermatosis.
The causative delegate of molluscum contagiosum is a virus pathogenic in search humans. The virus is transmitted alongside direct speak to (including fleshly) and through the put of standard items (washcloths, sponges, towels, etc.). The illness is more plain in preschool children. In persons of midway and ancient period disease provoking factors are long-term treatment of corticosteroids and cytostatics. Sometimes the complaint is accompanied near HIV infection or other diseases, sexually transmitted infections, as an twisted hint of them.
The incubation while is 2 weeks - 2-3 months. The disease is manifested at near the mien of the skin penetration of the virus in places, illustrious, translucent nodules of pink or grayish-yellow color. The amount of such nodules ranges from divers mm to 1 cm in the center of the unit detected a built indentation. When you click on an component from the deepening of the inside allocation is whitish sallow mass.
The number of emerged nodules may be unusual: one most located on the face, neck, go of hands; multiple can be localized anywhere on the skin and grouped into small pockets. In the case of the virus into the body help of sexual contact molluscum contagiosum commonly localized to the pubic area, genitals, inner thighs. In some patients, the elements verge to merge, transforming into a hefty tumor-like formations with rough edges - the professed "colossus clam".
If untreated, some elements of molluscum contagiosum can vanish on their own, but the synchronous surfacing of unique elements in the previously awkward areas of skin.
Psoriasis (psoriasis vulgaris), Bullous pemphigoid - a lasting condition of the epidermis, nails and joints, characterized about the demeanour on the hide monomorphic rash. The hasty is a flat papules of diverse sizes that be liable to mingle into liberal pink-red plaques with silvery scales covering white.
At the point in time it is inseparable of the most overused long-standing diseases of the skin. It is suggested that psoriasis is phony not solitary the skin, nails and joints, but also some internal organs (eg kidneys). Though, this viewpoint is not scientifically proven.
There are distinct theories with regard to the origin of the disability: viral, genetic (genetic predisposition to increased room rise), neurogenic (predisposition of the edgy system) and others.
In psoriatic shell revealed acanthosis and papillomatosis sharp, customary of parakeratosis. Thinned epidermis, consists of two or three rows of cells. In the basal layers of the epidermis and the spiculose mitoses organize in the papillary dermis - the dilatation of capillaries, the inflammatory infiltrate.
The evolvement of the bug is characterized before a variety of start: the disease can start bordering on unnoted by the patient with the appearance of multiple papules and may substantiate impetuous spread of the fell fa‡ade scars. The disease is caused during the seasons: thus, the most standard "winter" genus with exacerbations during the indifferent season, at least - "summer". Also, sometimes there is a mixed breed of exacerbation which spring up at any time of year.
There are a number of forms of the sickness: psoriasis peasant exudative, pustular, seborrheic, hand-foot, arthropathic, psoriatic erythroderma.
Dermatitis - pelt lesions of an insurgent nature, resulting from man impact on it. There are lowly and allergic veneer lesions.
The development of righteous dermatitis occurs when exposed to obligate stimulus: chemicals (acids, alkalis), palpable impact (maximum or low temperatures - a long or frostbite, emission, mechanical pressure, stirring advised, etc.). The inflammatory change develops in the hull at the instal is strictly stimulus effects, and its ruthlessness depends on the intensity and exposure time stimulus, as glowingly as the properties of the lamina and the localization of provocative lesions. There are three stages of the disease: erythematous, vesicular-bullous and necrotic. If adverse effects on the skin is constantly, you might congestive erythema, infiltration and desquamation of the skin.
A frank cut occurs closely after exposure to the stimulus, ie develops without the incubation period. The only exceptions are burns, frostbite, prominently areas of fleece, a clinical representation that unbelievably hard.
Atopic dermatitis develops as an allergic response of delayed genus to the stimulus. Allergens are most often chemical substances (detergents, chromium, nickel, insecticides), medication (sintomitsinovaja emulsion and other ointments, which are introduce in the antibiotics) and cosmetics (eg hair dyes).
The clinical picture of allergic formality of the infection is as follows: the peel reddens without the pattern of sharp boundaries and swells, it formed microvesicles, hemispherical blisters with apprehensible or dim substance, which at the split of leaving behind a weeping mikroerozii, scales, crusts.
The clinical image of atopic dermatitis differs from the stark fact that the elementary affects the skin, not not on the effects of stimulus situation, but also extends beyond its effects. In place of example, the effects of an allergic resistance to poor mark ink can spread on the gall, neck and unchanging chest. Subjective feelings of the acquiescent is most instances characterized close to a distinct itching.
Itching - a condition in which the phenomenon of talented worth are changes in the fretful system. Itching - the sense that causes the trouble to comb the skin. Presumably, this identification of affliction, but in modified pattern, which occurs when a weak stimulation of cutaneous guts endings dependable for the sake pain perception. Some scholars have identified in android skin-specific receptors that grasp an itch.
There are two types of pruritus:
physiological arising bites and crawling insects on the skin;
pathology that occurs in diseases.
The causes of itching are a breed of pathological lesions of the upset method, digestive system, diseases of the endocrine nature (diabetes), metabolic disorders (atherosclerosis), and life-threatening diseases of internal organs, blood, toxemia of pregnancy, worm infestation, a covey of fell diseases (eczema, atopic dermatitis, a red lichen planus, scabies, etc.). In definite pelt diseases, itching is their at most clinical manifestation. The pathogenesis of pruritus was not significantly studied, but it is known that in its materialization involves neural, humoral, vascular mechanisms.
There are generalized and localized itching.
Generalized pruritus is characterized before paroxysmal, his seizures regularly surface in the evening and incessantly time. Is intolerable rune, so much a sick outside brushing, plucking the epidermis. Scratches are linear or indulge character. In some cases, there is a generalized itching all the time.
Feel the following subtypes of generalized itching: out of date, high-altitude, solar (headlamp). An one-time man appears in the hoary (upon 60) and is due to involutional (presenile) processes in the portion including the skin. High-rise is observed when people knoll to a acme of over 7000 m above sea above-board, it arises as a sequel of stimulation of baroreceptors. Trinkets is anticipated to prolonged photosensitivity.
A localized irritation is characterized sooner than little, it inveterately occurs in the anus, outward genitalia. Etiologic factors such forms are itching long-lived inflammation in the pelvic organs (prostate, adnexitis, etc.), helminth infection, trichomoniasis, enzymatic disorders of the mucous membrane of the rectum, genital changes that strike in menopause. Continued endurance of itching can entice to complications in the shape of accession pyococcus infection candidiasis.
In patients with localized integument ulcers observed irritability, be in the land of nod disorder might, dying of appetite.
Atopic dermatitis - a lasting overlay sickness of frenzied description, which is characterized by the arrival of erythematous-lichenoid lesions are apt to mergers and the crystallization of foci of papular infiltration and morphological changes of the skin (its seal, a disregarding of the calculate).
There are two types of neurodermatitis: spread out and limited. Rambling is an allergic reaction to the stimulus. It can cause poor nutrition, intoxication, impaired functioning of the internal organs (liver, craving, kidney), the centers of other dyed in the wool infections, as luxuriously as functional disorders of the medial fearful arrangement, autonomic scheme, disorders of the endocrine essence (eg, impaired functioning of the pituitary-adrenal axis). The main role in the development of this disease are disorders of the nervous and endocrine systems. It can hit at any age.
The sheer trait is the show of periphrastic neurodermatitis papules waxen pink, subjectively characterized by itching. Papules care for to unite into continuous lesions with ensuing lichenification of the skin. Such centers usually are located on the flexor surfaces of the extremities - elbows, knees, wrists, and on the lateral surfaces of the skin. Other changes in the skin occur on the face, endorse and coffer on the pellicle enter into the picture pink erythema, with no clear boundaries and characterized near rickety desquamation. The dogged complains of constantly growing itching, scratching causes the lesion sites microtraumas, cracks, color changes in trustworthy areas of the rind, itchy and quite shiny about a tough panel, looks like polished. Because scratching can fasten pyococcus infection. The skin becomes tiresome, universal gray.
The indefatigable observed the following clinical symptoms: catch forty winks disturbance, desire loss, hypotension, Psoriasis, soft spot, weariness, hypoglycemia, etc. The patient becomes touchy, blubbering, dialect mayhap lowering of fuselage weight.
The contagion is characterized by a prolonged course with a relevant of inflammation subsided during the summer months. As the case may be the progression of this health circumstances until the erythroderma. This may be due to an unfavorable lecture of the cancer, unbefitting treatment, is an irritant to the skin.
Slim neurodermatitis affects little areas of the skin, the most customary localization - rear and side of the neck, the fell hither the ankles, in the genital area. Lesions in the limited description are divided into three zones:
center, the main put into the limelight of which is lichenification of the shell;
Abject - that limit of ​​the skin, which become visible glinting papular foolhardy of peewee measurements;
inessential, characterized via hyperpigmentation of the skin.
Seborrhea - a disability characterized beside enhanced trickle of the sebaceous glands, as well as changes in the chemical harmony of sebum.
The etiology of seborrhea is not unclear. Changing the chemical formulation of sebum leads to the check of bactericidal properties of sebum. As a result, the vigorous microflora of the skin is transformed into pathogenic. The tumult of leakage of sebaceous glands are by caused via an imbalance between estrogen and androgen hormones in the direction of the latter. Most habitually this occurs at the age of 14-25 years.
Histologically, this affliction are observed hyperkeratosis, sebaceous gland hypertrophy, infiltration here veneer appendages and blood vessels. Hypertrophy of the sebaceous glands caused nigh obstruction of the choice sebaceous secretion that occurs as a d‚nouement develop of enhanced keratinization.
The most around at sites of localization are those seborrhea shell, where there are the greatest number of sebaceous glands - the fa‡ade, scalp, chest and back. There are three forms of it: a thick (obscure and running), and droll blended.
If there is a halfwitted flattering seal and reduced elasticity of the abrade, which becomes brownish-grayish color. Sometimes a clogged sebaceous gland epithelial cells rejected impregnated with sebum, - there is a comedo. If the comedo squeeze out of the excretory duct of the sebaceous glands give off a crawling congregate of tallow. The tresses in this tone of the cancer mature churlish, tough. Complications - boils, abscesses, and folliculitis.
The fluent cultivate is characterized by fatty losneniem pelt pores greatly expanded, including wealth of sebum released. The plaits of the perceptiveness look like oiled, are glued to individual strands, they detected a strapping bevy of yellowish scales; viable alopecia. Surrounded by the complications occasion folliculitis, boils, sycosis, impetigo.
Tiresome seborrhea extraordinary reduced excretion of chubbiness, copious aspect on the scalp and whisker, horny scales. The scales appear, as a command, or the usually noddle, or in the occipital-parietal region, and they are easily separated and fail to the clothes. Curls becomes dry and brittle. In this genus of malady on the lamina enter into the picture pink or reddish spots, which can be seen on the outwardly of numberless young scales - seboreidy.
The tiring form of the illness is accompanied by means of self-centred sensations: patients complain of a ambiance of tightening of the skin, tingling, especially growing after washing with callous water. Adulterated seborrhea is characterized by enhanced excretion of fat in the forehead, nose and chin (T-zone) and fruitless fell on the cheeks. On the scalp, increased excretion of loaded was observed alone in the frontal and parietal regions.